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Strongyloidiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by the nematode (roundworm) Strongyloides stercoralis. Other Strongyloides include S. fülleborni, which infects chimpanzees and baboons and may produce limited infections in humans.
The Strongyloides’ life cycle is more complex than that of most nematodes with its alternation between free-living and parasitic cycles, and its potential for autoinfection and multiplication within the host. Two types of cycles exist:
Tropical and subtropical areas, but cases also occur in temperate areas (including the South of the United States). More frequently found in rural areas, institutional settings, and lower socio-economic groups.
Frequently asymptomatic. Gastrointestinal system symptoms include abdominal pain and diarrhea. Pulmonary symptoms (including Löffler’s syndrome) can occur during pulmonary migration of the filariform larvae. Dermatologic manifestations include urticarial rashes in the buttocks and waist areas. Blood eosinophilia is generally present.
Strongyloidiasis can become chronic and then become completely asymptomatic.
Strongyloidiasis resulting from persistent infection can greatly mimic peptic ulcer and gallbladder disease. Many individuals with persistent strongyloidiasis undergo treatment or surgery for both peptic ulcer and gallbladder disease and then they fail to respond to the surgery or treatment.
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