Read more about this disease, some with Classification – Types – Signs and symptoms – Genetics – Pathophysiology – Diagnosis – Screening – Prevention – Treatment and management – Cures and much more, some including pictures and video when available.
Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens is a rare skin disorder which is a type of familial, autosomal dominant ichthyosis.[1]:491 It is also known as bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma of Siemens or ichthyosis exfoliativa. It is a genetic disorder with no known cure which is estimated to affect about 1 in 500,000 people.[2]
Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (IBS) was first described by the German dermatologist Hermann Werner Siemens in 1937 from his study of an affected family. [3]
In 1994 the gene causing IBS was discovered and it was also proved in the same year that ichthyosis exfoliativa is the same disease as IBS. [4]
IBS has symptoms very similar to epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EHK) but is generally milder than EHK. IBS affects only the upper layers of the epidermis whilst EHK affects the suprabasal layer which is deeper in the skin. [5]
At birth the baby’s skin has a red appearance like a sun burn (erythema). Blistering is usually present at birth and may be extensive or localized depending on the severity of the disease.[4]
Over the first few weeks the red appearance disappears and is replaced by dry, flaking skin on the arms, legs and around the belly button.[6] Other areas of skin appear normal. The skin is fragile and is prone to blistering (caused by mild trauma or sweating).[6] After a few months hyperkeratosis develops with a dark grey or brown, ridged appearance on the ankles, knees and elbows.[4] Palms and soles are generally unaffected.[5] A slightly unpleasant, sweet odour may be present.[2]
A distinctive characteristic of IBS which is not present in other forms of ichthyosis is called the “Mauserung phenomenon” (Mauserung is german for “moulting” and was first described by H.W.Siemens). These are small patches of bare, apparently normal skin in the middle of areas of hyperkeratosis.[7][5]
As the sufferer ages the flaking and blistering should improve. The hyperkeratosis may grow more severe but more localized and is generally only present on flexural folds of the major joints.[4]
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