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Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a group of 20-30 primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) which have a common set of symptoms (including hypogammaglobulinemia)[1] but with different underlying causes.
Common variable immunodeficiency is the most commonly encountered primary immunodeficiency.[2]
CVID is believed to be a genetically determined primary immune defect; however, the underlying causes are different. The result of these defects is that the patient doesn’t produce sufficient antibodies in response to exposure to pathogens. As a result, the patient’s immune system fails to protect them against common bacterial and viral (and occasionally parasitic and protozoan) infections. The net result is that the patient is susceptible to illness.
In CVID, the B cells are affected. In combined severe immunodeficiency, a more severe condition than CVID, diagnosed in infancy, both parts of the immune system (the cellular and humoral system) are affected, hence its classified as combined immunodeficiency.
CVID appears to include a number of defects, some of which have been identified. For the majority, the genetic causes are still unknown.
ICOS, TACI and CD19 have been identified as candidates.[3][4]
It is possible that environmental agents provoke the immune defect, due to genetic predisposition, but this has not been clarified. [/]
Signs and Symptoms of CVID include:
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