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An adenoma is a collection of growths (-oma) of glandular origin. Adenomas can grow from many organs including the colon, adrenal, pituitary, thyroid, etc. These growths are benign, although over time they may progress to become malignant, at which point they are called adenocarcinomas. Though adenomas are benign, they have the potential to cause serious health complications by compressing other structures (mass effect) and by producing large amounts of hormones in an unregulated, nonfeedback-dependent manner (paraneoplastic syndrome).
Adenoma (aldosteronoma) is a benign epithelial tumor arising in epithelium of mucosa (stomach, small intestine, and bowel), glands (endocrine and exocrine), and ducts. In hollow organs (digestive tract), the adenoma grows upwards into the lumen – adenomatous polyp or polypoid adenoma. Depending on the type of the insertion base, adenoma may be pedunculated lobular head with a long slender stalk, covered by normal mucosa or sessile (broad base).
The adenomatous proliferation is characterized by different degrees of cell dysplasia (atypia or loss of normal differentiation of epithelium) irregular cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, (pseudo)stratified nuclei, nucleolus, decreased mucosecretion, and mitosis. The architecture may be tubular, villous, or tubulo-villous. Basement membrane and muscularis mucosae are intact.
Adenomas of the colon are quite prevalent. They are found commonly at colonoscopy. They are removed because of their tendency to become malignant and to lead to colon cancer.
This is a tumor that is most often small and asymptomatic, and its derived from renal tubules. It may be a precursor lesion to renal carcinoma.
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