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Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) is a polymicrobial infection of the gums leading to inflammation, bleeding, deep ulceration and necrotic gum tissue. Symptoms include fever and halitosis.
It is also known as “Plaut-Vincent angina”, “Vincent’s stomatitis”, “Vincent’s angina”, “Vincent’s infection”, “acute ulcerative gingivitis” or “trench mouth.”
The common name, trench mouth, was probably coined during World War I when many soldiers suffered from the condition. There are a number of other theories to the origin of the name. Vincent’s angina was named after French physician Jean Hyacinthe Vincent (1862-1950).
Causative organisms include anaerobes such as Bacteroides and Fusobacterium as well as spirochetes (Borrelia and Treponema spp.).
The condition is caused by an overpopulation of established oral bacteria due to a number of interacting factors such as poor hygiene, poor diet, smoking, lifestyle and other infections. This condition is now found more commonly in the younger generation.[citation needed]
Treatment is by the simple reduction of the bacteria through improved oral cleaning and salt water or hydrogen peroxide-based rinses. Chlorhexidine or metronidazole can also be used in addition. Penicillin is also indicated at 250 mg every 6 to 8 hours. A regular visit to the hygienist at a dental practice will aid healing, but without preventing the initial cause of the condition, repeated infection will occur.
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