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Tick-borne meningoencephalitis or Tick-borne encephalitis is a tick-borne viral infection of the central nervous system affecting humans as well as most other mammals.
The number of cases has been increasing in most countries,[1] except Austria.[2]
The virus can infect the brain (encephalitis), the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord (meningitis) or both (meningoencephalitis). [3]
It is transmitted by the bite of infected deer- or sheep ticks or (rarely) through the non-pasteurized milk of infected cows. Sexual transmission has been documented in mice with vertical transmission to progeny. Sexual transmission with humans has never been documented.
Ticks involved in transmission include Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus.[4]
The responsible virus, Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV), is a member of the genus flavivirus. Other close relatives include Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, Kyasanur forest disease virus, alkhurma virus, louping ill virus and the langat virus.
TBE virus has two subtypes: (a) European subtype (Tick vector: Ixodes ricinus) (b) Far Eastern subtype (Tick vector: Ixodes persulcatus)
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