Read more about this disease, some with Classification – Types – Signs and symptoms – Genetics – Pathophysiology – Diagnosis – Screening – Prevention – Treatment and management – Cures and much more, some including pictures and video when available.
Ichthyosis (plural ichthyoses) is a heterogeneous family of at least 28 [1], generalized, mostly genetic skin disorders. All types of ichthyosis have dry, thickened, scaly or flaky skin [1]. In many types the skin is said to resemble the scales on a fish, which is why the word ichthyosis comes from the Ancient Greek ????? (ichthys), meaning “fish” [2]. The severity of symptoms can vary enormously, from the mildest types such as ichthyosis vulgaris which may be mistaken for normal dry skin up to life-threatening conditions such as harlequin type ichthyosis. The most common type of ichthyosis is ichthyosis vulgaris accounting for >95% of cases[3].
There are many types of ichthyosis and an exact diagnosis may be difficult. Types of ichthyosis are classified based on their appearance and their genetic cause. Ichthyoses caused by the same gene can vary considerably in severity and symptoms. Some ichthyoses don’t appear to fit exactly into any one type. Also different genes can produce ichthyosis with similar symptoms. The most common or well-known types are: [4]
These ichthyoses are acquired, not inherited, and are manifestations of other diseases:
A physician often can diagnose ichthyosis by looking at the skin. A family history is also very useful. In some cases, a skin biopsy will be done to help to confirm the diagnosis. In a biopsy, a small piece of skin is removed and examined under a microscope. In some instances, genetic testing may be helpful in making a diagnosis. Ichthyosis is not more or less common in any ethnic group. As of now, there is no way to prevent ichthyosis.
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